What is MLA Style?
Modern Language Association (MLA) style is one of several styles for academic writing. It is used primarily in the arts (English, history, philosophy, classical studies) and middle school and high school sciences (APA style is usually used for science in university or higher). The MLA guidelines call for the bibliography to be called Works Cited (APA style uses Reference List). MLA Style provides rules for formatting...
  • your essay as a whole: margins, indenting, etc.
  • references included in the body of your essay
  • the list of works cited at the end of your essay

What kinds of sources do I document?
  • direct quotations from a book, article, film, letter, email, lecture, etc.
  • single words, short phrases, sentences and longer passages quoted from books, articles etc.
  • ideas you draw from a source but present entirely in your own words
  • paraphrases and summaries of books, journal articles, pamphlets
  • single words, short phrases, sentences and longer passages quoted from books or articles used
  • statistics

WRITING A BIBLIOGRAPHY IN MLA STYLE

  • Begin typing your list of cited sources flush to the left margin. Indent 5 spaces (or half an inch) for second and subsequent lines of citation.
  • Some citations are short and may fit all on one line. Nothing is wrong with that.
  • Do not type author on one line, title on a second line, and publication information on a third line. Type all citation information continuously until you reach the end of the line. Indent the second line and continue with the citation. If the citation is very long, indent the third and subsequent lines.

How do I introduce cited sources?
In order to make your paper coherent and accurate, use the following tags and conventions to introduce other sources into your work:
  • Boyd argues, describes, explains, claims, asserts, refers to, cites
  • Santos contends, compares, speculates, hypothesizes, concludes, recommends

Where do I find bibliographic information?
The bibliographic information for different types of resources are located in different places, so you may need to do some detective work to get all of the information for your bibliography. Try looking in these places:
  • the title page of a book, encyclopedia or dictionary
  • the heading of an article
  • the front, second, or editorial page of the newspaper
  • the contents page of a journal or magazine
  • the header (at the top) or footer (at the bottom) of a Web site
  • the About or the Contact page of a Web site

Sample Formats:

Works Cited


"Battery." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1990.
"Best Batteries." Consumer Reports Magazine 32 Dec. 1994: 71-72.
Booth, Steven A. "High-Drain Alkaline AA-Batteries." Popular Electronics 62 Jan. 1999: 58.
Brain, Marshall. "How Batteries Work." howstuffworks. 1 Aug. 2006 <http://home.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm>.
"Cells and Batteries." The DK Science Encyclopedia. 1993.
Dell, R. M., and D. A. J. Rand. Understanding Batteries. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001.
"Learning Center." Energizer. Eveready Battery Company, Inc. 1 Aug. 2006 < http://www.energizer.com/learning/default.asp>.
"Learning Centre." Duracell. The Gillette Company. 31 July 2006
< http://www.duracell.com/au/main/pages/learning-centre-what-is-a-battery.asp>.

MLA Citation Guides:

Online tools for making your bibliography:


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**Noodlebib Express** - generate APA or MLA citations and cut & paste into your document. Click on Noodlebib Express under Free Software Tools.
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**Knight Cite** - citation maker for a variety of media formats